P/Active voices, RS/DS
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICES
- Contexte: Dans la voix active, le sujet fait l'action. Ex. I (sujet) am eating (verbe) rice (objet). Par contre, dans la voix passive, le sujet subit l'action. On utilise alors le complément d'agent "By" pour introduire ce fait. Ex. Rice is being eaten by me.
- Forme: Le passage de la voix active à la voix passive implique de nombreux changements tant au niveau du sujet, des verbes que des pronoms personnels. Pour ce qui est des verbes, c'est l’auxiliaire "BE" qui est utilisé pour passer d'une voix à l'autre. Dans le tableau ci dessous, nous avons dressé la liste des principaux verbes et des modifications qu'ils subissent lorsqu'on passe de la voix active à la voix passive.
- Remarque: Il faut faire attention au temps au sujet lorsqu'on passe la voix active à la voix passive. Prenons le cas suivant: We (sujet) have caught (verb) an antelop (objet). Ici l'objet est au singulier, par conséquent, lors de la transformation, le verbe devra subir des modifications comme suit: An antelop has been caught by us
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Temps du verbe Voix active Voix passive Simple present I eat rice Rice is eaten by me Simple past tense I ate rice Rice was eaten by me Present progressive I am eating rice Rice is being eaten by me Past progressive I was eating rice Rice was being eaten by me futur I will/shall eat rice Rice will/shall be eaten Conditionnel I would eat rice Rice would be eaten Past perfect I had eaten rice Rice had been eaten Present perfect I have eaten Rice Rice has been eaten by me Future perfect progressive I will have eaten rice Rice will have been eaten by me - I devient Me
- We devient Us
- They devient Them
- He devient him
- she devient her...
DIRECT SPEECH / REPORTED OR INDIRECT SPEECH
1- Pour commencer: Le passage du discours direct au discours indirect et vice versa implique de nombreuses transformations tant au niveau du groupe verbal que des pronoms personnels ou des adverbes de lieu ou de temps. Dans le discours direct ou indirect il d'entrée de jeu connaître les différents temps et savoir les transformations qu'ils doivent subir lorsqu'on passe d'un temps à un autre.
TENSE CHANGE - IN - INDIRECT SPEECH
Present simple tense into Past simple
Present Continuous tense into Past continuous
Present Perfect tense into Pas perfect
Present Perfect Continuous into Past perfect continuous
Past simple into Past Perfect
Past Continuous into Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect into Past Perfect
Future simple, will into would
Future Continuous, will be into would be
Future Perfect, will have into would have
DIRECT SPEECH |
INDIRECT SPEECH |
|
|
PRESENT SIMPLE changes into PAST SIMPLE |
|
He said, “I write a letter” |
He said that he wrote a letter. |
PRESENT CONTINUOUS changes into PAST CONTINUOUS |
|
“I am listening to the music” |
He said that he was listening to the music. |
PRESENT PERFECT changes into PAST PERFECT |
|
She said, “i have finished his work” |
She said that she had finished her work. |
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS changes into PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS |
|
He said, “I have been studying since 3 O’clock” |
He said that he had been studying since 3 O’clock. |
PAST TENSE |
|
PAST SIMPLE changes into PAST PERFECT |
|
He said to me, “you answered correctly” |
He said to me that I had answered correctly. |
PAST CONTINUOUS changes into PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS |
|
They said, “we were enjoying the weather” |
They said that they had been enjoying. |
PAST PERFECT changes into PAST PERFECT (tense does not change) |
|
She said, “She had visited a doctor” |
She said that she had visited a doctor. |
FUTURE TENSE |
|
FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE WILL changes into WOULD |
|
He said, “I will study the book” |
He said that he would study the book. |
FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE WILL BE changes into WOULD BE |
|
I said to him, “ I will be waiting for him” |
I said to him that I would be waiting for him. |
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE WILL HAVE changes into WOULD HAVE |
|
He said, “I will have finished the work” |
He said that he would have finished the work. |
Note: The tense of reported speech may not change if reported speech is a universal truth though its reporting verb belongs to past tense.
A) Verb tenses:We change the tenses in the following way:
B) Pronouns
- We becomes they "We are the best students," he said. - He said they were the best students.
- They becomes Them "They called us," he said. - He said they had called them.
- "I like your jeans," she said. - She said she liked my jeans.
- "I can lend you my car," he said. - He said he could lend me his car.
- This becomes That
- Here becomes There
C) Time and place
- Today - that day,
- Tomorrow - the next day/the following day,
- The day after tomorrow - in two days' time,
- Yesterday - the day before, the day before yesterday - two days before,
- Next week/month - the following week/month,
- Last week/month - the previous week/month,
- A year ago - a year before/the previous year
Date de dernière mise à jour : vendredi, 04 mars 2016
Commentaires
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- 1. Grandmaitredossousakpata Le lundi, 30 mai 2022
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